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What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It poses questions such as: What do people really mean when they use words?<br><br>It's a philosophy that is based on practical and sensible action. It contrasts with idealism, which is the belief that one must adhere to their principles regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is the way that language users interact and communicate with each and with each other. It is typically thought of as a part of the language, although it differs from semantics because pragmatics looks at what the user wants to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a research field the field of pragmatics is relatively new, and its research has been growing rapidly over the past few decades. It has been primarily an academic discipline within linguistics, however it also has an impact on research in other fields such as speech-language pathology, psychology sociolinguistics and Anthropology.<br><br>There are a myriad of approaches to pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this discipline. One is the Gricean pragmatics approach, which focuses primarily on the notions of intention and their interaction with the speaker's knowledge about the listener's understanding. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical aspects of pragmatics. These views have contributed to the diversity of topics that pragmatics researchers have studied.<br><br>Research in pragmatics has been focused on a wide range of subjects such as L2 pragmatic understanding as well as production of requests by EFL learners, and the role of the theory of mind in both mental and physical metaphors. It is also applied to various social and cultural phenomena, such as political discourse, discriminatory language, and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed various methods from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The amount of knowledge base in pragmatics is different by database, as shown in Figure 9A-C. The US and UK are two of the top producers in pragmatics research. However, their ranking varies depending on the database. This is because pragmatics is an interconnected field that connects other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to determine the top authors in pragmatics according to their number of publications alone. However it is possible to identify the most influential authors by examining their contributions to the field of pragmatics. Bambini, for example, has contributed to pragmatics by introducing concepts such as politeness and conversational implicititure theories. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also highly influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and language users than it is with truth or reference, or grammar. It studies the ways in which an utterance can be understood to mean different things from different contexts as well as those triggered by indexicality or ambiguity. It also focuses on the strategies that listeners employ to determine whether utterances are intended to be communicated. It is closely connected to the theory of conversational implicature which was developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines are a matter of debate. While the distinction is widely known, it isn't always clear where the lines should be drawn. Some philosophers argue that the concept of sentence meaning is a part of semantics, whereas other claim that this type of problem should be treated as pragmatic.<br><br>Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a subfield of philosophy of language or a subset of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued that pragmatics is a discipline in its own right and that it should be treated as a distinct part of the field of linguistics along with syntax, phonology, semantics, etc. Others have argued that the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy of language since it examines the ways in which our concepts of the meaning and use of language affect our theories about how languages work.<br><br>There are a few major issues that arise in the study of pragmatics that have been the source of the debate. Some scholars have suggested for instance that pragmatics isn't a discipline in its own right because it studies how people perceive and use the language without necessarily referring to the facts about what was actually said. This type of approach is referred to as far-side pragmatics. Some scholars, however have argued that this study should be considered as an academic discipline since it studies how social and cultural influences influence the meaning and use language. This is known as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the way we perceive the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the importance that primary pragmatic processes play in the analysis of what is being spoken by the speaker in a particular sentence. Recanati and Bach examine these issues in greater detail. Both of these papers discuss the notions of saturation as well as free pragmatic enrichment. These are important pragmatic processes in that they help to shape the meaning of an expression.<br><br>What is the difference between explanatory and free Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the role that context plays to the meaning of language. It studies the way that the human language is utilized in social interactions and the relationship between the speaker and interpreter. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are known as pragmaticians.<br><br>Different theories of pragmatics have been developed over the years. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of speakers. Others, [http://counter.iflyer.tv/?trackid=gjt:1:&link=https://pragmatickr.com/ 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험] such as Relevance Theory concentrate on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of words by listeners. Certain practical approaches have been put with other disciplines such as philosophy or [https://www.txsmineralmining.com/zb_users/plugin/iddahe_com_seoog/go.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F 프라그마틱 게임] cognitive science.<br><br>There are also divergent views on the borderline of semantics and pragmatics. Certain philosophers, such as Morris, believe that semantics and pragmatics are two separate topics. He asserts semantics is concerned with the relationship between signs and objects they may or may not represent, while pragmatics is concerned with the use of words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, like Bach and Harnish have also argued that pragmatics is a field that is part of semantics. They distinguish between 'near-side and 'far-side' pragmatism. Near-side pragmatics focuses on what is said, whereas far-side pragmatics concentrates on the logical consequences of saying something. They believe that a portion of the 'pragmatics' of the words spoken are already determined by semantics while other 'pragmatics' are determined by the pragmatic processes of inference.<br><br>One of the most important aspects of pragmatics is that it is contextually dependent. This means that a single utterance could have different meanings based on factors such as ambiguity or indexicality. Other things that can change the meaning of an utterance include discourse structure, speaker intentions and beliefs, [http://www.jetpaq.com.ar/es-ar/asppage/open?link=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F 프라그마틱 정품 확인법] [https://nycpodcastnetwork.com/nycpnut/?ty=dl&ppi=21255&url=https://pragmatickr.com/ 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯][https://sonavida.com/click?redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fpragmatickr.com%2F&dID=1711558066536&hashId=b764eb41a7be21d6a87b636b6287623b3e09d96edd6eea206e98c0082e0aa133781306&linkName=https://tinyurl.com/ResultatsDeMontpellier 프라그마틱 게임] ([https://qlt-online.de/cgi-bin/click/clicknlog.pl?link=https://pragmatickr.com/ qlt-online.de]) and listener expectations.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is that it is a matter of culture. It is because every culture has its own rules for what is acceptable in various situations. In certain cultures, it's considered polite to keep eye contact. In other cultures, it's rude.<br><br>There are many different perspectives on pragmatics and much research is being conducted in this field. Some of the main areas of study are computational and formal pragmatics; theoretical and experimental pragmatics; cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics; and pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>What is the relationship between Free Pragmatics and to Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics, a linguistic field, is concerned with the way meaning is conveyed by language use in context. It analyzes the ways in which the speaker's intention and beliefs contribute to interpretation, with less attention paid to grammatical features of the utterance instead of what is being said. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are referred to as pragmaticians. The subject of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics such as semantics, syntax, and the philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the area of pragmatics has been developing in a variety of directions that include computational linguistics, pragmatics of conversation, and theoretic pragmatics. These areas are characterized by a variety of research, which addresses aspects like lexical features and the interaction between discourse, language and meaning.<br><br>In the philosophical debate about pragmatics one of the main questions is whether it is possible to give a rigorous and systematic account of the relationship between pragmatics and semantics. Some philosophers have claimed it isn't (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have argued that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics isn't well-defined and that they're the same.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to go back and forth between these two perspectives and argue that certain events are either semantics or pragmatics. For instance some scholars believe that if an utterance has the literal truth-conditional meaning, it is semantics, whereas others believe that the fact that an utterance could be interpreted in different ways is pragmatics.<br><br>Other researchers in pragmatics have taken a different stance, arguing that the truth-conditional meaning of an expression is only one of many ways in which an expression can be understood and that all of these ways are valid. This approach is often referred to as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent work in pragmatics has sought to integrate both approaches trying to understand the full range of possibilities for interpretation of a utterance by modeling how a speaker's intentions and beliefs influence the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. The 2019 version combines a Gricean model of the Rational Speech Act framework, with technological innovations created by Franke and Bergen. This model predicts that the listeners will consider a range of possible exhaustified versions of a utterance that contains the universal FCI any, and that this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so robust as in comparison to other possible implicatures.
What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It deals with questions such as: What do people mean by the terms they use?<br><br>It's a way of thinking that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It differs from idealism which is the belief that one should adhere to their principles regardless of what.<br><br>What is Pragmatics?<br><br>Pragmatics is the study of the ways that people who speak gain meaning from and each one another. It is often viewed as a component of language however, it differs from semantics because pragmatics studies what the user is trying to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.<br><br>As a research field the field of pragmatics is still relatively new and its research has expanded rapidly over the last few decades. It has been primarily an academic area of study within linguistics, however it also has an impact on research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics and anthropology.<br><br>There are a myriad of methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this field. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's comprehension of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These views have contributed to the variety of topics that pragmatics researchers have researched.<br><br>The study of pragmatics has been focused on a variety of topics, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL learners, and the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena like political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.<br><br>The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, yet their rankings differ by database. This is due to pragmatics being multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.<br><br>This makes it difficult to rank the top pragmatics authors by the number of publications they have. It is possible to determine influential authors based on their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics with concepts such as politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also influential authors of pragmatics.<br><br>What is Free Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language as opposed to the study of truth or reference, or grammar. It examines how a single phrase can be interpreted differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine if utterances have a communicative intent. It is closely connected to the theory of conversative implicature which was first developed by Paul Grice.<br><br>The boundaries between these two disciplines is a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is well-known, it is not always clear where the lines should be drawn. For example, some philosophers have argued that the concept of sentence's meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have argued that this type of thing should be treated as a pragmatic problem.<br><br>Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of languages or a branch of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics, along with phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy since it deals with how our ideas about meaning and uses of languages influence our theories about how languages work.<br><br>The debate has been fuelled by a number of key issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatics. For instance, some scholars have claimed that pragmatics isn't a subject in and of itself since it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language, without using any data about what is actually being said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that the study is a discipline in its own right since it examines the ways in which the meaning and use of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatics.<br><br>Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the manner we think about the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the importance that primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is said by the speaker in a particular sentence. Recanati and Bach examine these issues in greater in depth. Both papers explore the notions the concept of saturation and free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are important pragmatic processes that help shape the overall meaning an utterance.<br><br>How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The study of pragmatics focuses on how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It analyzes how human language is used in social interaction, and the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians.<br><br>Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of a speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory are focused on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of words by hearers. Certain pragmatic approaches have been incorporated with other disciplines, like philosophy or cognitive science.<br><br>There are also divergent opinions on the boundary between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different subjects. He states that semantics is concerned with the relation of signs to objects that they could or 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프 - [https://companyspage.com/story3604234/7-simple-tips-for-rocking-your-pragmatic-game Https://Companyspage.Com/Story3604234/7-Simple-Tips-For-Rocking-Your-Pragmatic-Game], may not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the usage of the words in context.<br><br>Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatics is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns the content of what is said, while far-side focuses on the logic implications of uttering a phrase. They claim that some of the 'pragmatics' that accompany the words spoken are already determined by semantics while other 'pragmatics' are defined by the processes of inference.<br><br>The context is one of the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that a single word could have different meanings based on the context, such as ambiguity or indexicality. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, and  [https://thebookmarkking.com/story18267054/why-pragmatic-casino-isn-t-a-topic-that-people-are-interested-in-pragmatic-casino 프라그마틱 추천] 사이트 ([https://livebackpage.com/story3608384/why-adding-a-pragmatic-ranking-to-your-life-will-make-all-the-different link webpage]) listener expectations can also change the meaning of a phrase.<br><br>Another aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. This is due to different cultures having their own rules regarding what is appropriate to say in different situations. For instance, it's acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact however it is not acceptable in other cultures.<br><br>There are a variety of views of pragmatics, and lots of research is being conducted in this field. There are a myriad of areas of study, including pragmatics that are computational and formal theoretic and experimental pragmatism, intercultural and cross linguistic pragmatics and pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.<br><br>What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to explanatory Pragmatics?<br><br>The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is communicated through the language in a context. It examines the way in which the speaker's intentions and beliefs affect the interpretation, with less attention paid to grammatical features of the utterance than on what is said. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics, such as semantics, syntax, and philosophy of language.<br><br>In recent years the field of pragmatics has expanded in many directions. These include computational linguistics as well as conversational pragmatics. There is a wide range of research conducted in these areas, which address issues such as the role of lexical characteristics and the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of the concept of meaning.<br><br>One of the main issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether it is possible to provide a rigorous,  [https://bookmarkshq.com/story19732448/10-top-books-on-pragmatic-experience 프라그마틱 슬롯] systematic account of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have suggested that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the same thing.<br><br>It is not uncommon for scholars to argue back and forth between these two positions, arguing that certain phenomena are either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars say that if a statement carries a literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement could be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.<br><br>Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different stance, arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is only one among many ways that the utterance may be interpreted and that all of these ways are valid. This approach is often known as far-side pragmatics.<br><br>Recent research in pragmatics has sought to combine semantic and far side methods. It attempts to capture the entire range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that the listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified versions of an utterance containing the universal FCI any and this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so strong when in comparison to other possible implicatures.

Latest revision as of 06:38, 20 January 2025

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the connection between context, language and meaning. It deals with questions such as: What do people mean by the terms they use?

It's a way of thinking that focuses on the practical and sensible actions. It differs from idealism which is the belief that one should adhere to their principles regardless of what.

What is Pragmatics?

Pragmatics is the study of the ways that people who speak gain meaning from and each one another. It is often viewed as a component of language however, it differs from semantics because pragmatics studies what the user is trying to convey rather than what the meaning actually is.

As a research field the field of pragmatics is still relatively new and its research has expanded rapidly over the last few decades. It has been primarily an academic area of study within linguistics, however it also has an impact on research in other fields, such as speech-language pathology, psychology, sociolinguistics and anthropology.

There are a myriad of methods of pragmatics that have contributed to the growth and development of this field. One example is the Gricean approach to pragmatics which focuses on the notion of intention and how it relates to the speaker's comprehension of the listener's. Other perspectives on pragmatics include conceptual and lexical approaches to pragmatics. These views have contributed to the variety of topics that pragmatics researchers have researched.

The study of pragmatics has been focused on a variety of topics, including L2 pragmatic comprehension and request production by EFL learners, and the role of the theory of mind in mental and physical metaphors. It has been applied to cultural and social phenomena like political speech, discriminatory speech, and interpersonal communication. Researchers studying pragmatics have employed diverse methodologies from experimental to sociocultural.

The size of the knowledge base in pragmatics differs according to the database, as illustrated in Figure 9A-C. The US and the UK are among the top contributors to pragmatics research, yet their rankings differ by database. This is due to pragmatics being multidisciplinary and interspersed with other disciplines.

This makes it difficult to rank the top pragmatics authors by the number of publications they have. It is possible to determine influential authors based on their contributions to pragmatics. Bambini is one example. He has contributed to pragmatics with concepts such as politeness theories and conversational implicititure. Grice, Saul, and Kasper are also influential authors of pragmatics.

What is Free Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics is more concerned with the contexts and the users of language as opposed to the study of truth or reference, or grammar. It examines how a single phrase can be interpreted differently in different contexts. This includes ambiguity and indexicality. It also focuses primarily on the strategies used by listeners to determine if utterances have a communicative intent. It is closely connected to the theory of conversative implicature which was first developed by Paul Grice.

The boundaries between these two disciplines is a matter of debate. While the distinction between these two disciplines is well-known, it is not always clear where the lines should be drawn. For example, some philosophers have argued that the concept of sentence's meaning is an aspect of semantics, while others have argued that this type of thing should be treated as a pragmatic problem.

Another controversy concerns whether pragmatics is a branch of philosophy of languages or a branch of the study of linguistics. Some researchers have argued pragmatics is an independent field and should be treated as part of linguistics, along with phonology. syntax, semantics etc. Others have suggested the study of pragmatics is an aspect of philosophy since it deals with how our ideas about meaning and uses of languages influence our theories about how languages work.

The debate has been fuelled by a number of key issues that are fundamental to the study of pragmatics. For instance, some scholars have claimed that pragmatics isn't a subject in and of itself since it studies the ways in which people interpret and use language, without using any data about what is actually being said. This type of approach is known as far-side pragmatics. Others, however, have argued that the study is a discipline in its own right since it examines the ways in which the meaning and use of language is affected by cultural and social factors. This is known as near-side pragmatics.

Other topics of discussion in pragmatics include the manner we think about the nature of the interpretation of utterances as an inferential process, and the importance that primary pragmatic processes play in the determining of what is said by the speaker in a particular sentence. Recanati and Bach examine these issues in greater in depth. Both papers explore the notions the concept of saturation and free enrichment of the pragmatic. These are important pragmatic processes that help shape the overall meaning an utterance.

How is Free Pragmatics Different from Explanatory Pragmatics?

The study of pragmatics focuses on how the context affects the meaning of linguistics. It analyzes how human language is used in social interaction, and the relationship between the interpreter and the speaker. Linguists who specialize in pragmatics are called pragmaticians.

Many different theories of pragmatics have been developed over time. Some, such as Gricean pragmatics, focus on the intention of communication of a speaker. Others, like Relevance Theory are focused on the understanding processes that occur during the interpretation of words by hearers. Certain pragmatic approaches have been incorporated with other disciplines, like philosophy or cognitive science.

There are also divergent opinions on the boundary between semantics and pragmatics. Morris is one philosopher who believes that semantics and pragmatism are two different subjects. He states that semantics is concerned with the relation of signs to objects that they could or 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯버프 - Https://Companyspage.Com/Story3604234/7-Simple-Tips-For-Rocking-Your-Pragmatic-Game, may not denote, whereas pragmatics is concerned with the usage of the words in context.

Other philosophers, such as Bach and Harnish have suggested that pragmatics is a subfield within semantics. They distinguish between "near-side" and "far-side" pragmatics. Near-side pragmatics concerns the content of what is said, while far-side focuses on the logic implications of uttering a phrase. They claim that some of the 'pragmatics' that accompany the words spoken are already determined by semantics while other 'pragmatics' are defined by the processes of inference.

The context is one of the most important aspects in pragmatics. This means that a single word could have different meanings based on the context, such as ambiguity or indexicality. The structure of the conversation, the beliefs of the speaker and intentions, and 프라그마틱 추천 사이트 (link webpage) listener expectations can also change the meaning of a phrase.

Another aspect of pragmatics is its cultural specificity. This is due to different cultures having their own rules regarding what is appropriate to say in different situations. For instance, it's acceptable in certain cultures to keep eye contact however it is not acceptable in other cultures.

There are a variety of views of pragmatics, and lots of research is being conducted in this field. There are a myriad of areas of study, including pragmatics that are computational and formal theoretic and experimental pragmatism, intercultural and cross linguistic pragmatics and pragmatics that are experimental and clinical.

What is the relationship between free Pragmatics and to explanatory Pragmatics?

The discipline of pragmatics is concerned with how meaning is communicated through the language in a context. It examines the way in which the speaker's intentions and beliefs affect the interpretation, with less attention paid to grammatical features of the utterance than on what is said. Pragmaticians are linguists who focus on pragmatics. The topic of pragmatics is related to other areas of linguistics, such as semantics, syntax, and philosophy of language.

In recent years the field of pragmatics has expanded in many directions. These include computational linguistics as well as conversational pragmatics. There is a wide range of research conducted in these areas, which address issues such as the role of lexical characteristics and the interaction between language and discourse, and the nature of the concept of meaning.

One of the main issues in the philosophical debate of pragmatics is whether it is possible to provide a rigorous, 프라그마틱 슬롯 systematic account of the semantics/pragmatics interface. Some philosophers have suggested that it's not (e.g. Morris 1938, Kaplan 1989). Other philosophers have suggested that the distinction between semantics and pragmatics is ill-defined and that semantics and pragmatics are actually the same thing.

It is not uncommon for scholars to argue back and forth between these two positions, arguing that certain phenomena are either pragmatics or semantics. Some scholars say that if a statement carries a literal truth conditional meaning, it is semantics. Others argue that the fact that a statement could be read differently is a sign of pragmatics.

Other pragmatics researchers have taken a different stance, arguing that the truth-conditional meaning a utterance has is only one among many ways that the utterance may be interpreted and that all of these ways are valid. This approach is often known as far-side pragmatics.

Recent research in pragmatics has sought to combine semantic and far side methods. It attempts to capture the entire range of interpretive possibilities for a speaker's utterance by demonstrating how the speaker's beliefs and intentions affect the interpretation. For example, Champollion et al. (2019) combine a Gricean game-theoretic model of the Rational Speech Act framework with technological innovations from Franke and Bergen (2020). This model predicts that the listeners will be able to consider a variety of possible exhaustified versions of an utterance containing the universal FCI any and this is what makes the exclusiveness implicature so strong when in comparison to other possible implicatures.