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The Berkeley Evolution Site<br><br>The Berkeley site offers resources that can help students and educators learn about and teach evolution. The materials are arranged into different learning paths such as "What did T. rex taste like?"<br><br>Charles Darwin's theory on natural selection explains how creatures that are better equipped to adapt biologically to a changing environments survive longer and those that do not end up becoming extinct. Science is concerned with this process of biological evolutionary change.<br><br>What is Evolution?<br><br>The term "evolution" can be used to refer to a variety of nonscientific meanings. For instance, it can mean "progress" and "descent with modifications." It is scientifically based and is used to describe the process of changing characteristics in a species or species. This change is based in biological terms on natural drift and selection.<br><br>Evolution is one of the fundamental tenets of modern biology. It is an accepted theory that has stood up to the test of time and thousands of scientific experiments. Unlike many other scientific theories, such as the Copernican theory or the germ theory of disease, evolution is not a discussion of religion or the existence of God.<br><br>Early evolutionists like Erasmus Darwin (Charles’s grandfather) and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck believed that certain physical characteristics were predetermined to evolve in a gradual manner over time. This was called the "Ladder of Nature" or scala naturae. Charles Lyell first used this term in 1833 in his Principles of Geology.<br><br>Darwin revealed his theory of evolution in his book On the Origin of Species which was written in the early 1800s. It asserts that all species of organisms have common ancestors that can be traced through fossils and other evidence. This is the modern view of evolution, and is supported by numerous research lines in science which includes molecular genetics.<br><br>While scientists don't know exactly how organisms developed, they are confident that the evolution of life on earth is the result of natural selection and genetic drift. People with desirable traits are more likely than others to live and reproduce. They then pass their genes on to the next generation. Over time this leads to an accumulation of changes in the gene pool which gradually create new species and types.<br><br>Some scientists also use the term evolution to describe large-scale evolutionary changes, such as the formation of a new species from an ancestral species. Certain scientists, such as population geneticists define evolution in a broader sense by using the term "net change" to refer to the variation in the frequency of alleles over generations. Both definitions are valid and acceptable, however some scientists argue that allele-frequency definitions omit important features of evolutionary process.<br><br>Origins of Life<br><br>A key step in evolution is the appearance of life. The emergence of life occurs when living systems begin to evolve at a micro level, such as within individual cells.<br><br>The origins of life is a topic in many disciplines that include biology, chemistry, and geology. The question of how living things started is a major topic in science since it poses a major challenge to the theory of evolution. It is often described as "the mystery of life," or "abiogenesis."<br><br>The idea that life could be born from non-living things was called "spontaneous generation" or "spontaneous evolutionary". It was a common belief prior to Louis Pasteur's tests showed that the emergence of living organisms was not achievable through a natural process.<br><br>Many scientists still believe that it is possible to go from nonliving substances to life. However, the conditions required are extremely difficult to replicate in the laboratory. Researchers interested in the evolution and origins of life are also keen to understand the physical properties of the early Earth as well as other planets.<br><br>The life-cycle of a living organism is dependent on a variety of complex chemical reactions which are not predicted by simple physical laws. These include the transformation of long, information-rich molecules (DNA or RNA) into proteins that perform functions and the replication of these intricate molecules to produce new DNA or sequences of RNA. These chemical reactions can be compared to a chicken-and egg problem which is the development and emergence of DNA/RNA, a protein-based cell machinery, is required for the onset life. But, without life, the chemistry required to create it does appear to work.<br><br>Research in the field of abiogenesis requires collaboration between scientists from a variety of fields. This includes prebiotic scientists, astrobiologists, and planet scientists.<br><br>Evolutionary Changes<br><br>The term "evolution" is used to describe gradual changes in genetic traits over time. These changes can result from adaptation to environmental pressures as discussed in the entry on Darwinism (see the entry on Charles Darwin for background) or natural selection.<br><br>This latter mechanism increases the frequency of genes that confer an advantage for survival in a species, resulting in an overall change in the appearance of an entire group. The specific mechanisms behind these changes in evolutionary process include mutation or reshuffling genes during sexual reproduction, and also gene flow between populations.<br><br>While reshuffling and mutation of genes are common in all living things The process through which beneficial mutations become more common is called natural selection. This happens because, as noted above, those individuals with the beneficial trait tend to have a higher reproductive rate than those without it. Over many generations, this variation in the numbers of offspring born can result in gradual changes in the number of beneficial characteristics in a particular population.<br><br>One good example is the growth of beak size on various species of finches in the Galapagos Islands, which have developed beaks with different shapes to enable them to more easily access food in their new habitat. These changes in the form and shape of organisms can also be a catalyst for the creation of new species.<br><br>The majority of the changes that take place are the result of one mutation, however occasionally several will happen at the same time. The majority of these changes are neither harmful nor even detrimental to the organism, however a small portion of them could have a positive impact on the survival of the organism and its reproduction, thereby increasing the frequency of these changes in the population over time. Natural selection is a mechanism that can produce the accumulating changes over time that lead to the creation of a new species.<br><br>Some people confuse the notion of evolution with the idea that inherited characteristics can be altered through conscious choice, or through use and abuse, a concept known as soft inheritance. This is a misinterpretation of the nature of evolution, and of the actual biological processes that cause it. A more accurate description of evolution is that it involves a two-step process, which involves the separate and often antagonistic forces of mutation and natural selection.<br><br>Origins of Humans<br><br>Humans of today (Homo sapiens) evolved from primates - a species of mammals that includes gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos. Our ancestral ancestors were walking on two legs, as demonstrated by the first fossils. Genetic and biological similarities suggest that we are closely related to Chimpanzees. In fact we are the closest related to the chimpanzees within the Pan genus which includes pygmy chimpanzees and bonobos. The last common ancestor of modern humans and chimpanzees was between 8 and  [https://elearnportal.science/wiki/Five_Evolution_Free_Baccarat_Projects_To_Use_For_Any_Budget 에볼루션 바카라사이트] 6 million years ago.<br><br>As time has passed, humans have developed a variety of traits, including bipedalism and the use of fire. They also developed advanced tools. But it's only in the last 100,000 years or so that the majority of the important characteristics that differentiate us from other species have been developed. These include language, a large brain, the ability to create and utilize sophisticated tools, and a the diversity of our culture.<br><br>The process of evolution occurs when genetic changes allow individuals of a population to better adapt to their environment. Natural selection is the process that drives this change. Certain traits are preferred over others. Those with the better adaptations are more likely to pass on their genes to the next generation. This is how all species evolve and forms the basis of the theory of evolution.<br><br>Scientists refer to it as the "law of natural selection." The law states that species which have a common ancestor are more likely to develop similar traits over time. This is because these traits make it easier for them to survive and  [https://www.shufaii.com/space-uid-79910.html 무료 에볼루션] reproduce in their environments.<br><br>All organisms have a DNA molecule that provides the information necessary to control their growth and development. The DNA molecule is composed of base pairs that are arranged in a spiral around sugar molecules and phosphate molecules. The sequence of bases within each strand determines phenotype which is the person's distinctive appearance and behavior. Variations in a population can be caused by reshufflings and mutations of genetic material (known collectively as alleles).<br><br>Fossils of the first human species, Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis have been discovered in Africa,  [https://able2know.org/user/maskgroup98/ 에볼루션 코리아]사이트 ([http://psicolinguistica.letras.ufmg.br/wiki/index.php/Learn-What-Evolution-Free-Baccarat-Tricks-The-Celebs-Are-Utilizing-s http://psicolinguistica.letras.ufmg.br/wiki/index.Php/learn-what-evolution-free-baccarat-tricks-the-celebs-are-utilizing-S]) Asia, and Europe. These fossils, despite a few differences in their appearance, all support the theory that modern humans' ancestors originated in Africa. The fossil evidence and genetic evidence suggest that early humans came out of Africa into Asia and then Europe.