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The Academy's Evolution Site<br><br>Biological evolution is one of the most fundamental concepts in biology. The Academies have been active for a long time in helping those interested in science comprehend the theory of evolution and how it affects all areas of scientific exploration.<br><br>This site provides students, teachers and general readers with a wide range of educational resources on evolution. It contains the most important video clips from NOVA and the WGBH-produced science programs on DVD.<br><br>Tree of Life<br><br>The Tree of Life, an ancient symbol, symbolizes the interconnectedness of all life. It is an emblem of love and harmony in a variety of cultures. It also has important practical applications, such as providing a framework for understanding the evolution of species and how they respond to changing environmental conditions.<br><br>The first attempts to depict the biological world were founded on categorizing organisms on their metabolic and physical characteristics. These methods, based on the sampling of various parts of living organisms, or short fragments of their DNA, significantly increased the variety that could be represented in a tree of life2. However these trees are mainly comprised of eukaryotes, and bacterial diversity remains vastly underrepresented3,4.<br><br>Genetic techniques have greatly broadened our ability to visualize the Tree of Life by circumventing the requirement for direct observation and experimentation. Particularly, molecular methods allow us to build trees using sequenced markers like the small subunit of ribosomal RNA gene.<br><br>Despite the rapid growth of the Tree of Life through genome sequencing, a lot of biodiversity remains to be discovered. This is particularly true for microorganisms that are difficult to cultivate and which are usually only present in a single sample5. Recent analysis of all genomes produced an unfinished draft of the Tree of Life. This includes a variety of archaea, bacteria, and other organisms that haven't yet been isolated or their diversity is not well understood6.<br><br>This expanded Tree of Life can be used to evaluate the biodiversity of a specific region and determine if particular habitats need special protection. The information is useful in many ways, including finding new drugs, fighting diseases and  [http://67-72chevytrucks.com/adserve/www/delivery/ck.php?ct=1&oaparams=2__bannerid=9__zoneid=1__cb=0ff3c172c5__oadest=https%3a%2f%2fevolutionkr.kr%2F%2F 에볼루션사이트] improving crops. This information is also valuable for conservation efforts. It can aid biologists in identifying those areas that are most likely contain cryptic species that could have important metabolic functions that could be at risk of anthropogenic changes. While conservation funds are essential, the best method to preserve the world's biodiversity is to empower the people of developing nations with the necessary knowledge to act locally and support conservation.<br><br>Phylogeny<br><br>A phylogeny (also called an evolutionary tree) illustrates the relationship between species. Scientists can build a phylogenetic chart that shows the evolutionary relationship of taxonomic categories using molecular information and morphological differences or similarities. The role of phylogeny is crucial in understanding biodiversity, genetics and evolution.<br><br>A basic phylogenetic Tree (see Figure PageIndex 10 ) identifies the relationships between organisms with similar traits that have evolved from common ancestral. These shared traits can be either homologous or analogous. Homologous traits are similar in their evolutionary origins while analogous traits appear like they do, but don't have the same origins. Scientists group similar traits together into a grouping called a Clade. All members of a clade have a common characteristic, like amniotic egg production. They all derived from an ancestor with these eggs. The clades are then linked to create a phylogenetic tree to identify organisms that have the closest connection to each other. <br><br>Scientists make use of DNA or RNA molecular information to create a phylogenetic chart that is more precise and detailed. This information is more precise and gives evidence of the evolution history of an organism. The use of molecular data lets researchers determine the number of organisms that have a common ancestor and to estimate their evolutionary age.<br><br>The phylogenetic relationships between organisms are influenced by many factors, including phenotypic plasticity an aspect of behavior that alters in response to specific environmental conditions. This can cause a characteristic to appear more like a species other species, which can obscure the phylogenetic signal. This issue can be cured by using cladistics. This is a method that incorporates a combination of homologous and analogous traits in the tree.<br><br>Additionally, phylogenetics aids determine the duration and speed at which speciation takes place. This information can assist conservation biologists in making choices about which species to save from the threat of extinction. Ultimately, it is the preservation of phylogenetic diversity which will result in an ecologically balanced and  [https://aviasovet.ru/view-sale?https://evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션 블랙잭] complete ecosystem.<br><br>Evolutionary Theory<br><br>The fundamental concept of evolution is that organisms acquire various characteristics over time due to their interactions with their environment. Many scientists have come up with theories of evolution, including the Islamic naturalist Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201-274),  [http://siroelettronica.it/catalogo-frame.php?URL=evolutionkr.kr%2F 에볼루션 무료체험] who believed that an organism would develop according to its own requirements and needs, the Swedish taxonomist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778), who created the modern taxonomy system that is hierarchical as well as Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1844-1829), who suggested that the use or  [http://b.gnavi.co.jp/ad/no_cookie/b_link?loc=1002067&bid=100004228&link_url=https%3A%2F%2Fevolutionkr.kr%2F 에볼루션 룰렛] absence of traits can lead to changes that are passed on to the next generation.<br><br>In the 1930s and 1940s, theories from various fields, including genetics, natural selection,  [https://store.visitpodcetrtek.com/en/logout/?returnurl=https%3a%2f%2fevolutionkr.kr%2F 무료 에볼루션] and particulate inheritance -- came together to form the modern evolutionary theory synthesis which explains how evolution is triggered by the variation of genes within a population and how those variations change in time due to natural selection. This model, known as genetic drift or mutation, gene flow and sexual selection, is a key element of modern evolutionary biology and can be mathematically described.<br><br>Recent discoveries in the field of evolutionary developmental biology have shown the ways in which variation can be introduced to a species by genetic drift, mutations, reshuffling genes during sexual reproduction, and even migration between populations. These processes, as well as others such as directional selection or genetic erosion (changes in the frequency of an individual's genotype over time) can result in evolution that is defined as change in the genome of the species over time, and the change in phenotype over time (the expression of the genotype in an individual).<br><br>Incorporating evolutionary thinking into all aspects of biology education can increase students' understanding of phylogeny as well as evolution. In a recent study by Grunspan and colleagues., it was shown that teaching students about the evidence for evolution boosted their acceptance of evolution during the course of a college biology. For more information about how to teach evolution read The Evolutionary Potency in all Areas of Biology or Thinking Evolutionarily: a Framework for Integrating Evolution into Life Sciences Education.<br><br>Evolution in Action<br><br>Scientists have looked at evolution through the past--analyzing fossils and comparing species. They also study living organisms. Evolution is not a past moment; it is a process that continues today. Bacteria mutate and resist antibiotics, viruses re-invent themselves and escape new drugs and animals change their behavior in response to the changing environment. The changes that result are often easy to see.<br><br>But it wasn't until the late 1980s that biologists understood that natural selection could be seen in action, as well. The key is that different traits have different rates of survival and reproduction (differential fitness), and can be passed down from one generation to the next.<br><br>In the past, if one particular allele - the genetic sequence that defines color in a group of interbreeding organisms, it might quickly become more prevalent than all other alleles. As time passes, this could mean that the number of moths with black pigmentation may increase. The same is true for many other characteristics--including morphology and behavior--that vary among populations of organisms.<br><br>Observing evolutionary change in action is easier when a species has a rapid turnover of its generation such as bacteria. Since 1988 biologist Richard Lenski has been tracking twelve populations of E. Coli that descended from a single strain; samples of each population are taken regularly and more than 50,000 generations have now passed.<br><br>Lenski's work has shown that mutations can alter the rate at which change occurs and the effectiveness at which a population reproduces. It also shows that evolution takes time,  [https://www.narva-kks.ee/go?https://evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션카지노사이트] something that is hard for some to accept.<br><br>Microevolution can also be seen in the fact that mosquito genes that confer resistance to pesticides are more prevalent in areas where insecticides are used. Pesticides create an enticement that favors individuals who have resistant genotypes.<br><br>The rapid pace at which evolution takes place has led to a growing recognition of its importance in a world that is shaped by human activity, including climate changes, pollution and the loss of habitats that hinder the species from adapting. Understanding evolution will help you make better decisions regarding the future of the planet and its inhabitants.