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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean<br><br>In addition to learner-internal influences CLKs' understanding of the need to be pragmatic and the relationship advantages they had access to were important. The RIs from TS &amp; ZL for instance mentioned their relationship with their local professor as the primary reason for their pragmatic decision to avoid criticising a strict prof (see examples 2).<br><br>This article reviews all local practical research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on practical core topics such as:<br><br>Discourse Construction Tests<br><br>The discourse completion test is a commonly used tool in pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but it also has some disadvantages. The DCT is one example. It cannot account cultural and individual differences. The DCT can also be biased and can lead to overgeneralizations. It should be carefully analyzed before being used for research or evaluation.<br><br>Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a useful tool to study the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. Its ability in two or more stages to alter the social variables that are related to politeness is a plus. This feature can help researchers study the role of prosody in communication across different cultural contexts, a key issue in cross-cultural pragmatics.<br><br>In the field of linguistics, DCT is among the most effective tools to analyze the communication habits of learners. It can be used to investigate various aspects, including the manner of speaking, turn taking and  [http://ezproxy.cityu.edu.hk/login?url=https://elearnportal.science/wiki/The_LesserKnown_Benefits_Of_Pragmatic 프라그마틱 환수율] 슈가러쉬 ([https://www.ddhszz.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=3861468 www.ddhszz.com]) lexical selection. It can be used to evaluate phonological complexity in learners' speech.<br><br>A recent study employed the DCT to assess EFL students' ability to resist. The participants were given an array of scenarios and were asked to choose the appropriate response from the options offered. The researchers discovered that the DCT to be more effective than other methods for refusing, such as a questionnaire or video recordings. However, the researchers warned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other types of methods for collecting data.<br><br>DCTs are typically designed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, such as the content and the form. These criteria are based on intuition and based upon the assumptions of test creators. They are not necessarily accurate,  [https://2ch-ranking.net/redirect.php?url=https://lundgaard-holmberg-2.technetbloggers.de/the-best-pragmatic-slot-buff-tricks-to-change-your-life 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료] and they may incorrectly describe the way in which ELF learners actually refuse requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more research on alternative methods of measuring refusal competence.<br><br>A recent study compared DCT responses to requests submitted by students via email versus the responses gathered from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCT was more direct and conventionally form-based requests and a lower use of hints than email data did.<br><br>Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)<br><br>This study investigated Chinese learners' decisions regarding their use of Korean using a variety of experimental tools, such as Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) as well as metapragmatic questionnaires and Refusal Interviews (RIs). The participants were 46 CLKs of upper intermediate level who answered DCTs, MQs, and RIs. They were also asked to think about their evaluations and refusal responses in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms. Their choices were influenced primarily by four factors that included their personalities and multilingual identities, their current lives and their relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical consequences for L2 Korean assessment.<br><br>The MQ data was analyzed first to determine the participants' practical choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the selections were compared to their linguistic performance in the DCTs to determine if they were a reflection of pragmatic resistance or not. Interviewees were also required to explain why they chose an atypical behavior in certain situations.<br><br>The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analysed using descriptive statistics and z tests. It was found that CLKs frequently resorted to phrases like "sorry" and "thank you." This could be due to their lack of experience with the target language, which led to a lack of understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preferences to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to move towards L1 varied depending on the DCT situations. In situations 3 and 12, CLKs preferred diverging from both L1- and L2-pragmatic norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms.<br><br>The RIs also revealed the CLKs were aware their pragmatic resistance in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted in a one-to-one manner within two days after the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs, which were transcribed and recorded by two coders who were independent who then coded them. The coding process was iterative and involved the coders reading and discussing each transcript. The coding results were then compared to the original RI transcripts, which provided an indication of how the RIs were able to capture the fundamental behaviors.<br><br>Refusal Interviews (RIs)<br><br>A key question of pragmatic research is the reason why learners choose to resist the pragmatic norms of native speakers. Recent research sought to answer this question with a variety of experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants comprised 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. They were asked to complete the DCTs in their first language and to complete the MQs in either their L1 or L2. They were then invited to an RI, where they were required to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT situation.<br><br>The results showed that, on average, the CLKs resisted native-speaker pragmatic norms in more than 40% of their answers. They did this despite the fact that they were able to create patterns that closely resembled natives. They were also aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their choices to learner-internal factors such as their personalities and multilingual identities as well as ongoing life histories. They also referred to external factors, like relationship affordances. For example, they described how their relationships with professors helped facilitate an easier performance in relation to the linguistic and intercultural standards of their university.<br><br>However, the interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and penalties they could face if they flouted the local social norms. They were worried that their native friends might view them as "foreigners" and think they were unintelligent. This is similar to that expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).<br><br>These findings suggest that native speakers pragmatic norms aren't the preferred norm for Korean learners. They may still be a useful model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reconsider the validity of these tests in different cultural contexts and specific situations. This will help them better understand the impact of different cultural environments on the pragmatic behavior and classroom interactions of students in L2. This will also aid educators create better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risks consultancy.<br><br>Case Studies<br><br>The case study method is an investigational strategy that relies on participant-centered, deep investigations to investigate a particular subject. This method uses multiple data sources like documents, interviews, and observations, to prove its findings. This kind of research is ideal for studying complicated or unique subjects that are difficult to quantify using other methods.<br><br>The first step in the case study is to clearly define the subject and the objectives of the study. This will allow you to determine what aspects of the subject are important to investigate and which can be omitted. It is also beneficial to read the literature on to the topic to gain a better understanding of the topic and place the case within a larger theoretical context.<br><br>This case study was built on an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50] and its Korean-specific benchmarks HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study showed that L2 Korean learners were highly dependent on the influence of native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answers, which were literal interpretations. This was a deviation from accurate pragmatic inference. They also showed a strong tendency of adding their own words or "garbage" to their responses. This lowered the quality of their answers.<br><br>The participants in this study were all L2 Korean students who had attained level four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second year of university and were hoping to attain level six on their next attempt. They were asked questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding and  [http://lamsn.com/home.php?mod=space&uid=629059 프라그마틱 정품인증] perception of the world.<br><br>Interviewees were presented with two hypothetical situations involving an interaction with their interlocutors and asked to choose one of the strategies below to employ when making demands. The interviewees were asked to justify their choice. Most participants attributed their pragmatic opposition to their personality. For instance, TS claimed that she was hard to get close to, and so she was reluctant to inquire about the well-being of her friend with the burden of a job despite her belief that native Koreans would ask.