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The Academy's Evolution Site<br><br>Biology is one of the most fundamental concepts in biology. The Academies are committed to helping those who are interested in the sciences understand evolution theory and how it is incorporated across all areas of scientific research.<br><br>This site provides students, teachers and general readers with a wide range of learning resources on evolution. It includes key video clip from NOVA and WGBH produced science programs on DVD.<br><br>Tree of Life<br><br>The Tree of Life is an ancient symbol of the interconnectedness of life. It is an emblem of love and unity in many cultures. It also has important practical uses, like providing a framework for understanding the evolution of species and how they respond to changes in the environment.<br><br>Early attempts to describe the biological world were founded on categorizing organisms on their metabolic and physical characteristics. These methods, based on the sampling of various parts of living organisms, or short fragments of their DNA, greatly increased the variety of organisms that could be represented in a tree of life2. These trees are largely composed by eukaryotes and bacterial diversity is vastly underrepresented3,4.<br><br>Genetic techniques have greatly expanded our ability to represent the Tree of Life by circumventing the need for direct observation and experimentation. We can create trees by using molecular methods, such as the small-subunit ribosomal gene.<br><br>Despite the massive expansion of the Tree of Life through genome sequencing, a lot of biodiversity is waiting to be discovered. This is especially the case for microorganisms which are difficult to cultivate and are typically found in one sample5. A recent study of all known genomes has produced a rough draft version of the Tree of Life, including many archaea and bacteria that are not isolated and their diversity is not fully understood6.<br><br>The expanded Tree of Life is particularly useful in assessing the diversity of an area, assisting to determine whether specific habitats require special protection. This information can be utilized in a variety of ways, such as finding new drugs, fighting diseases and improving the quality of crops. This information is also beneficial to conservation efforts. It can aid biologists in identifying areas that are most likely to have cryptic species,  [https://evolutionkr79648.dbblog.net/5709785/why-is-evolution-baccarat-site-so-popular 에볼루션 바카라 무료체험] 바카라 [https://evolution-free-experience82374.wikicommunications.com/5114405/11_ways_to_totally_defy_your_evolution_gaming 무료 에볼루션] ([https://evolution-korea46732.blogtov.com/12856535/why-baccarat-evolution-isn-t-a-topic-that-people-are-interested-in evolution-korea46732.blogtov.Com]) which could perform important metabolic functions, and could be susceptible to the effects of human activity. While conservation funds are essential, the best method to protect the biodiversity of the world is to equip more people in developing countries with the knowledge they need to act locally and support conservation.<br><br>Phylogeny<br><br>A phylogeny (also called an evolutionary tree) shows the relationships between organisms. Utilizing molecular data, morphological similarities and differences, or ontogeny (the course of development of an organism) scientists can construct a phylogenetic tree that illustrates the evolutionary relationship between taxonomic categories. The phylogeny of a tree plays an important role in understanding genetics, biodiversity and evolution.<br><br>A basic phylogenetic Tree (see Figure PageIndex 10 Identifies the relationships between organisms with similar traits and evolved from a common ancestor. These shared traits could be either homologous or analogous. Homologous traits are similar in their evolutionary path. Analogous traits could appear similar however they do not have the same origins. Scientists put similar traits into a grouping called a Clade. All organisms in a group share a trait, such as amniotic egg production. They all evolved from an ancestor with these eggs. The clades are then connected to form a phylogenetic branch to identify organisms that have the closest connection to each other. <br><br>For a more precise and accurate phylogenetic tree scientists rely on molecular information from DNA or RNA to determine the relationships between organisms. This information is more precise than morphological data and gives evidence of the evolutionary history of an organism or group. Molecular data allows researchers to identify the number of organisms that share a common ancestor and to estimate their evolutionary age.<br><br>The phylogenetic relationship can be affected by a variety of factors, including phenotypicplasticity. This is a type of behaviour that can change as a result of specific environmental conditions. This can cause a characteristic to appear more similar to one species than to another and obscure the phylogenetic signals. This issue can be cured by using cladistics, which is a a combination of homologous and analogous traits in the tree.<br><br>Furthermore, phylogenetics may help predict the length and speed of speciation. This information can aid conservation biologists in making decisions about which species to protect from disappearance. In the end, it's the conservation of phylogenetic diversity that will result in an ecosystem that is balanced and complete.<br><br>Evolutionary Theory<br><br>The fundamental concept of evolution is that organisms develop different features over time due to their interactions with their environment. Many theories of evolution have been developed by a wide range of scientists, including the Islamic naturalist Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (1201-1274) who proposed that a living organism develop slowly in accordance with its needs as well as the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) who conceived the modern hierarchical taxonomy Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) who suggested that the use or non-use of traits causes changes that can be passed on to the offspring.<br><br>In the 1930s and 1940s, theories from various areas, including natural selection, genetics &amp; particulate inheritance, came together to create a modern synthesis of evolution theory. This explains how evolution happens through the variation of genes in the population and how these variants alter over time due to natural selection. This model, which encompasses genetic drift, mutations in gene flow, and sexual selection, can be mathematically described.<br><br>Recent discoveries in the field of evolutionary developmental biology have demonstrated that genetic variation can be introduced into a species by mutation, genetic drift and reshuffling of genes in sexual reproduction, and also through the movement of populations. These processes, along with other ones like directional selection and gene erosion (changes in the frequency of genotypes over time), can lead towards evolution. Evolution is defined as changes in the genome over time and changes in the phenotype (the expression of genotypes within individuals).<br><br>Students can gain a better understanding of the concept of phylogeny by using evolutionary thinking throughout all areas of biology. In a study by Grunspan and  [https://evolutiongaming52375.wikifiltraciones.com/3480759/could_evolution_gaming_be_the_key_to_dealing_with_2024 에볼루션 코리아] colleagues. It was demonstrated that teaching students about the evidence for evolution increased their understanding of evolution during the course of a college biology. To find out more about how to teach about evolution, please see The Evolutionary Potential in All Areas of Biology and Thinking Evolutionarily A Framework for Infusing Evolution in Life Sciences Education.<br><br>Evolution in Action<br><br>Traditionally scientists have studied evolution through looking back--analyzing fossils, comparing species, and observing living organisms. Evolution is not a past event, but a process that continues today. Bacteria evolve and resist antibiotics, viruses reinvent themselves and elude new medications and animals alter their behavior to the changing environment. The changes that occur are often apparent.<br><br>But it wasn't until the late 1980s that biologists understood that natural selection could be seen in action, as well. The key is that different characteristics result in different rates of survival and reproduction (differential fitness),  [https://evolutionkr59085.mybloglicious.com/52894016/10-things-that-everyone-is-misinformed-concerning-evolution-free-baccarat 에볼루션 게이밍] and can be passed down from one generation to the next.<br><br>In the past, if an allele - the genetic sequence that determines colour - appeared in a population of organisms that interbred, it could be more prevalent than any other allele. Over time, this would mean that the number of moths that have black pigmentation in a group could increase. The same is true for  [https://evolutionfreeexperience15995.vblogetin.com/38034052/what-is-evolution-free-baccarat-and-why-is-everyone-talking-about-it 에볼루션 카지노] many other characteristics--including morphology and behavior--that vary among populations of organisms.<br><br>Monitoring evolutionary changes in action is easier when a particular species has a rapid generation turnover, as with bacteria. Since 1988 biologist Richard Lenski has been tracking twelve populations of E. Coli that descended from a single strain; samples of each are taken every day and over 50,000 generations have now been observed.<br><br>Lenski's work has demonstrated that a mutation can dramatically alter the speed at the rate at which a population reproduces, and consequently the rate at which it changes. It also proves that evolution is slow-moving, a fact that some people find hard to accept.<br><br>Another example of microevolution is the way mosquito genes for resistance to pesticides show up more often in areas in which insecticides are utilized. Pesticides create an exclusive pressure that favors those with resistant genotypes.<br><br>The rapidity of evolution has led to an increasing awareness of its significance, especially in a world shaped largely by human activity. This includes climate change, pollution, and habitat loss that prevents many species from adapting. Understanding the evolution process will help us make better decisions about the future of our planet, as well as the lives of its inhabitants.