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The Berkeley Evolution Site<br><br>Teachers and students who visit the Berkeley site will find a wealth of resources to help them understand and teach evolution. The resources are organized into a variety of learning paths such as "What did T. rex taste like?"<br><br>Charles Darwin's theory on natural selection describes how species who are better able to adapt biologically to changing environments survive longer and those who do not disappear. This process of biological evolution is what science is all about.<br><br>What is Evolution?<br><br>The term "evolution" has a variety of nonscientific meanings. For instance "progress" or "descent with modification." It is scientifically based and is used to describe the process of change of characteristics in a species or species. In terms of biology the change is due to natural selection and genetic drift.<br><br>Evolution is a central tenet of modern biology. It is an accepted theory that has stood the tests of time and thousands of scientific tests. It does not address the existence of God or religious beliefs, unlike many other theories in science, like the Copernican or germ theory of diseases.<br><br>Early evolutionists like Erasmus Darwin (Charles’s grandfather) and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck believed that certain physical characteristics were predetermined to change in a step-like fashion over time. This was called the "Ladder of Nature" or scala naturae. Charles Lyell used the term to describe this idea in his Principles of Geology, first published in 1833.<br><br>In the early 1800s, Darwin formulated his theory of evolution and published it in his book On the Origin of Species. It states that all species of organisms share a common ancestry, which can be determined through fossils and other lines of evidence. This is the current understanding of evolution that is supported by a variety of lines of research in science which includes molecular genetics.<br><br>Although scientists aren't able to determine exactly how organisms evolved, they are confident that the evolution of life on earth is the result of natural selection and genetic drift. People with traits that are advantageous are more likely to live and reproduce, and they pass their genes on to the next generation. Over time the gene pool gradually changes and evolves into new species.<br><br>Some scientists also use the term evolution to refer to large-scale changes in evolutionary processes such as the creation of a new species from an ancestral species. Certain scientists, including population geneticists define evolution in a broad sense, referring to the net change in allele frequency over generations. Both definitions are accurate and palatable, but some scientists argue that allele-frequency definitions omit important features of evolution.<br><br>Origins of Life<br><br>One of the most crucial steps in evolution is the development of life. This happens when living systems begin to develop at a micro-level - within individual cells, for example.<br><br>The origins of life is a topic in many disciplines that include biology, chemistry and geology. The origin of life is a subject of great interest in science because it challenges the theory of evolution. It is sometimes referred to "the mystery" of life or "abiogenesis."<br><br>Traditionally, the belief that life can emerge from nonliving things is called spontaneous generation or "spontaneous evolution." This was a popular view before Louis Pasteur's experiments showed that it was impossible for the emergence of life to occur by the natural process.<br><br>Many scientists still believe that it is possible to transition from nonliving substances to living. However, the conditions required are extremely difficult to reproduce in a laboratory. This is why scientists investigating the origins of life are also keen to understand the physical properties of early Earth and other planets.<br><br>The life-cycle of a living organism is dependent on a variety of complex chemical reactions, which cannot be predicted by simple physical laws. These include the transformation of long information-rich molecules (DNA or RNA) into proteins that perform functions, and  [http://iid.myopenlink.net/describe/?url=https://evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션 무료 바카라] the replication of these intricate molecules to produce new DNA or RNA sequences. These chemical reactions are often compared to the chicken-and-egg dilemma of how life came into existence: The appearance of DNA/RNA and  [https://gazoanalizators.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?goto=https://evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션 바카라 무료]카지노사이트 ([https://russcosmetics.ru/bitrix/redirect.php?goto=https://evolutionkr.kr/ Russcosmetics.Ru]) protein-based cell machinery is essential for the onset of life,  [http://blog.nawwa.com/b/0/0/evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션] however, without the appearance of life, the chemical reaction that is the basis for it isn't working.<br><br>Abiogenesis research requires collaboration among scientists from different disciplines. This includes prebiotic scientists, astrobiologists, and planetary scientists.<br><br>Evolutionary Changes<br><br>The word evolution is usually used to describe the accumulated changes in the genetic traits of an entire population over time. These changes can result from adaptation to environmental pressures as discussed in the entry on Darwinism (see the entry on Charles Darwin for background) or may result from natural selection.<br><br>This latter mechanism increases the number of genes that confer an advantage for survival in an animal, resulting in an overall change in the appearance of a group. These evolutionary changes are triggered by mutations, reshuffling of genes during sexual reproduction, and gene flow.<br><br>Natural selection is the process that makes beneficial mutations more common. All organisms undergo changes and reshuffles of their genes. As mentioned above, those with the beneficial trait have a higher reproduction rate than those who do not. Over the course of several generations, this differential in the numbers of offspring produced can result in a gradual shift in the number of beneficial traits within a group of.<br><br>One good example is the increase in beak size on different species of finches in the Galapagos Islands, which have developed different beak shapes to allow them to more easily access food in their new habitat. These changes in shape and form could also help create new organisms.<br><br>The majority of changes are caused by a single mutation, however sometimes multiple occur at once. Most of these changes may be neutral or even harmful however,  [http://securedns.dnsbycomodo.com/od/allow/evolutionkr.kr/ 에볼루션카지노] a small percentage can have a beneficial impact on survival and reproduction, increasing their frequency over time. Natural selection is a process that could result in the accumulation of change over time that eventually leads to a new species.<br><br>Many people mistakenly associate evolution with the concept of soft inheritance, which is the idea that traits inherited from parents can be changed by conscious choice or by abuse. This is a misunderstanding of the biological processes that lead to the process of evolution. It is more precise to say that evolution is a two-step independent process, that is influenced by the forces of natural selection and mutation.<br><br>Origins of Humans<br><br>Modern humans (Homo Sapiens) evolved from primates, which is a group of mammal species that includes gorillas and chimpanzees. The earliest human fossils show that our ancestors were bipeds. They were walking on two legs. Genetic and biological similarities suggest that we are closely related to the chimpanzees. In actual fact we are the most closely related to the chimpanzees within the Pan Genus which includes pygmy chimpanzees and bonobos. The last common ancestor of modern humans and chimpanzees lived between 8 and 6 million years ago.<br><br>Humans have evolved a variety of characteristics over time such as bipedalism, use of fire and advanced tools. But it's only in the past 100,000 years or so that most of the important traits that distinguish us from other species have emerged. These include language, a large brain, the capacity to build and use complex tools, as well as cultural diversity.<br><br>Evolution happens when genetic changes allow individuals in a group to better adapt to their environment. Natural selection is the mechanism that triggers this adaptation. Certain traits are preferred over others. Those with the better adaptations are more likely to pass their genes to the next generation. This is the way all species evolve, and the basis for the theory of evolution.<br><br>Scientists call it the "law of natural selection." The law states that species which have a common ancestor are more likely to develop similar traits over time. It is because these traits allow them to reproduce and survive within their environment.<br><br>All organisms possess a DNA molecule that contains the information needed to control their growth. The DNA structure is composed of base pairs that are arranged in a spiral around sugar and phosphate molecules. The sequence of bases within each strand determines phenotype which is the person's distinctive appearance and behavior. The variations in a population are caused by mutations and reshufflings in genetic material (known collectively as alleles).<br><br>Fossils from the first human species, Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis have been found in Africa, Asia and Europe. These fossils, despite some differences in their appearance, all support the theory of modern humans' origins in Africa. Evidence from fossils and genetics suggest that early humans migrated from Africa into Asia and then Europe.